Chemotherapy Biotherapy Certification ONS Practice Testq

Which of the following is a common side effect of chemotherapy?

1. Hair growth

2. Weight gain

3. Myelosuppression

4. Increased bone density

The correct answer is: Myelosuppression

Myelosuppression is a well-documented and common side effect of chemotherapy, arising from the impact of these drugs on the bone marrow, where blood cell production occurs. Chemotherapy agents are designed to target rapidly dividing cells, which include cancer cells, but they can also affect normal cells in the bone marrow, leading to reduced production of red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. This can result in various complications, such as anemia, increased risk of infections, and bleeding issues, making myelosuppression a significant concern during treatment. The other options, like hair growth, weight gain, and increased bone density, are not typical side effects associated with chemotherapy. Instead, hair loss is often experienced due to the effects of chemotherapy on hair follicles. Weight changes can occur, but weight gain is less common, as many patients may lose weight due to nausea or appetite changes. Increased bone density generally is not a direct effect of chemotherapy; in fact, some cancer treatments may even lead to decreased bone density over time.