Chemotherapy Biotherapy Certification ONS Practice Testq

What is the primary purpose of using antimetabolites in chemotherapy?

1. Increase blood flow to tumors

2. Prevent cell mitosis

3. Block pathways of nucleic acid synthesis

4. Enhance tumor oxygenation

The correct answer is: Block pathways of nucleic acid synthesis

Antimetabolites are a class of chemotherapy drugs that work primarily by interfering with the synthesis of nucleic acids, which are essential for cell division and growth. Their main action is to block specific pathways involved in nucleotide synthesis, thereby disrupting the formation of DNA and RNA. This interference is particularly effective against rapidly dividing cancer cells, as these cells have a higher demand for nucleotides to facilitate their growth and proliferation. By inhibiting the pathways of nucleic acid synthesis, antimetabolites hinder the ability of cancer cells to replicate their genetic material, ultimately leading to cell death. This mechanism makes them a critical component in the treatment of various types of cancers, including leukemias, lymphomas, and solid tumors. While increasing blood flow to tumors, preventing cell mitosis, and enhancing tumor oxygenation are all important concepts in cancer treatment, they do not capture the primary action of antimetabolites. Their targeted inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis aligns with the therapeutic goal of halting the growth and spread of cancerous cells.