Chemotherapy Biotherapy Certification ONS Practice Testq

What is the most common limiting effect associated with chemotherapy?

1. Nausea and vomiting

2. Myelosuppression

3. Fatigue

4. Dermatological reactions

The correct answer is: Myelosuppression

Myelosuppression is considered the most common limiting effect associated with chemotherapy due to its significant impact on the bone marrow's ability to produce blood cells. This condition leads to reductions in red blood cells (anemia), white blood cells (increased risk of infection), and platelets (risk of bleeding). Many chemotherapy agents are cytotoxic and target rapidly dividing cells, which include both cancer cells and normal cells in the bone marrow. As a result, patients frequently experience myelosuppression, which can limit their ability to continue treatment or necessitate dose adjustments or delays. Nausea and vomiting, while prevalent side effects, can often be managed with antiemetic medications, allowing patients to continue their chemotherapy regimen more effectively. Fatigue is also a common issue, particularly due to the cumulative effects of treatment, but it is generally viewed as less critical in terms of limiting treatment. Dermatological reactions can occur but are typically less prevalent compared to hematologic toxicities related to myelosuppression. Thus, myelosuppression stands out as the most frequent and clinically significant limitation encountered in chemotherapy administration.