Chemotherapy Biotherapy Certification ONS Practice Testq

How do monoclonal antibodies specifically target cancer cells?

1. By inducing apoptosis in all cells

2. By attaching to cancer cells and delivering toxic substances

3. By enhancing blood flow to tumors

4. By boosting overall immunity

The correct answer is: By attaching to cancer cells and delivering toxic substances

Monoclonal antibodies specifically target cancer cells primarily by attaching to them and delivering toxic substances. This mechanism is based on the unique markers or antigens that are often present on the surface of cancer cells. The antibodies are designed to recognize these specific antigens, binding to them selectively. Once attached, they can initiate several actions, including directly delivering cytotoxic agents to the cancer cells, which can lead to cell death. This targeted approach helps minimize damage to healthy tissues, unlike other treatments that may affect all rapidly dividing cells. In contrast, inducing apoptosis in all cells does not discriminate between healthy and cancerous cells and would not accomplish the desired specificity required in cancer treatment. Enhancing blood flow to tumors does not specifically target cancer cells; it may simply provide nutrients to the tumor, potentially allowing it to grow larger rather than effectively treating it. Furthermore, while boosting overall immunity can be beneficial in cancer treatment, it doesn't directly target cancer cells in the same manner as the specific action of monoclonal antibodies. Thus, option B accurately describes the mechanism of action of monoclonal antibodies in targeting cancer cells.