Chemotherapy Biotherapy Certification ONS Practice Testq

How do alkylating agents exert their effect on cancer cells?

1. By promoting rapid cell division

2. By forming molecular bonds with nucleic acids

3. By enhancing blood flow to tumors

4. By inducing apoptosis solely

The correct answer is: By forming molecular bonds with nucleic acids

Alkylating agents exert their effect on cancer cells primarily by forming molecular bonds with nucleic acids, specifically DNA. This bonding occurs through a process called alkylation, where the agent attaches alkyl groups to the DNA molecule. This modification can lead to several detrimental effects on the cancer cell's DNA, including cross-linking of strands, mispairing of bases, and ultimately, the disruption of the cell's ability to replicate and divide properly. When the DNA is damaged, the cancer cell's repair mechanisms may be overwhelmed or malfunction, leading to cell cycle arrest or cell death. This is crucial because cancer cells often rely on rapid division for tumor growth, and any disruption in this process can inhibit tumor progression. Therefore, the primary mode of action for alkylating agents is their ability to interfere with DNA integrity, forcing the cancer cells to stop functioning effectively. Understanding this mechanism is vital for comprehending how chemotherapy works, particularly in the treatment of various cancers, as it highlights the importance of targeting the fundamental processes of cell division and survival in cancer therapy.